Tracing The Development Of Le Corbusier s Ville Radieuse

Final Research Project Nick Wurm Arch A46 Tracing the Development of Le Corbusier’s Ville Radieuse Introduction It is no understatement that the modern era was and continues to be one of the most destructive, progressive, and enlightening periods that mankind has come to know. One begins to understand what this pre-World War II era of modern design history must have been like through the specific lens of artist and architect Le Corbusier in his 1931 publication entitled â€Å"Towards a New Architecture†: A man of to-day, reading this book, may have the impression of something akin to a nightmare. Many of our most cherished ideas in regard to the â€Å"Englishman’s castle† – the lichened tiled roof, the gabled house, patina – are treated as toys to be discarded, and we are offered instead human warrens of sixty stories, the concrete house hard and clean, fittings as coldly efficient as those of a ship’s cabin or of a motor-car, and the standardized products of mass production throughout. Immediately, one recognizes the contradictory and artistically pessimistic viewpoint that Le Corbusier adopts at the beginning of his book. Influenced by the war-torn European landscape, it is no wonder that Le Corbusier choose to expose himself to the idea that the pre-World War I condition involving craftsmanship and traditional societal constructs was of replicable importance. As with most post-war reflections, persons writing about their wartime experiences tend to incorporate some idea of

Examining Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers Theories - 863 Words

Introduction I hereby will be focusing on Humanistic Perspectives by examining Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers’s theories. I will examine their theories, by starting with Carl Rogers’s theory then Abraham Maslow’s theory. I will also evaluate the human perspectives and apply Abraham Maslow’s theory to my own life. Roger’s Person-centred Carl Roger was one of the founders of human potential movement, he agreed with the main assumptions of Maslow but he added that for an individual to grow they need an environment that provides them with empathy and genuineness acceptance. The self Rogers viewed personality structure in terms of one construct; he named the construct the self. A person’s self-concept is the way he or she views herself. It is all in the mind of the individual. Carl Roger states that each individual is aware of his self-concept, he also emphasis the subjective nature of self-concept. Most people tend to twist their experiences to an extent that they promote a relatively favourable self-concept for example, one might think that she is attractive while another person might not even agree. Roger called the gap between self-concept and reality incongruence. If a person’s self-concept is true than that is called congruence. (Weiten.w.2014) Development of the self In terms of personality development Roger is concord wit how congruence or incongruence is promoted in childhood experiences. According to Roger people have a strong need for affection, love andShow MoreRelatedDescription in Detail of the Humanistic Theories by Rogers and Maslow1517 Words   |  7 Pagespersonal growth. People like Carl Rogers who have brought about person-centred theory and Abraham Maslow who has developed a hierarchy of needs, where he emphasized on self-actualization. There is an evaluation on both Rogers and Maslow theories, on how they are based on their own assumptions and views, and I apply Maslow’s theory of self-actualization into my own personal life. 2. Description in detail of the Humanistic theories by Rogers (person-centred) and Maslow (self-actualization) and theRead MorePersonality, Psychology, And Humanistic Approach1362 Words   |  6 PagesWhen examining personality, there are four main approachable theories including: The Psychodynamic Approach, The Trait Approach, The Social-Cognitive Approach, and The Humanistic Approach. The Psychodynamic Approach was first approach by Sigmund Freud; he dealt with the understanding that personality came from our unconscious state of mind. And that unconscious state interacted to determine our thoughts, behaviors, and feelings (Bernstein, 425). Freud also created the psychoanalytical theory statingRead More Psychological Perspectives of Human Growth and Development Essay1943 Words   |  8 Pagesand Development The following will analyse the Psychodynamic theory founded by Sigmund Freud. It will focus on the components of the ‘mind’ including the Conscious, the pre-conscious proper and the Unconscious. Examining his structure of Personality with reference to The’ Id’, ‘Ego’ and ‘Super-ego’. It will discuss Freud’s proposal of stages within his ‘psychosexual development’. It will then focus on Carl Rogers Humanistic theory, explaining his concept of the ‘Actualizing tendency’ and incorporatingRead MoreEssay on The Comparison Between Psychodynamic and Humanistic Theory2516 Words   |  11 PagesHumanistic Theory There are very distinct differences between Psychodynamic and Humanistic Counselling but both ultimately offer the help and guidance to discover why we act the way we do and why we make certain choices in our lives. Throughout this essay, I will endeavour to explain those major differences and you will see that despite these completely different methods of therapy, depending on what the problem maybe, they can both work very effectively in their own way. Carl Rogers, born inRead MoreHumanist Theory in Education3751 Words   |  16 Pages Outline four (4) principles of one the following theory of learning. Humanistic Explain, using appropriate classroom examples, how you would apply your understanding of the theory outlined, in implementing four (4) central task of teaching in your classroom. Shavon Benjamin SJ116545 2B St Joseph’s Teachers’ College Strategies of Teaching Learning Mrs. Francis April 8, 2013 Humanism There are many different theories of how people learn and in considering their applicationRead MorePsychology Theories Self Reflection2594 Words   |  11 Pagespsychology, from examining biologys role in mental health to the role of the environment on behavior. Some psychologists focus only on how the mind develops, while others counsel patients to help improve their daily lives. There are seven (7) major perspectives in modern psychology which include psychoanalytic/psychodynamic, behaviourist, humanist, cognitive, biopsychological, evolutionary and sociocultural. This assignment is an integration of knowledge; three dominant theories of psychology willRead MorePsychology Is The Study Of The Mind And Behavior1769 Words   |  8 Pagesorganized in accordance just as any other research study with proper procedures such as observation, measurement, analysis, theory, explanations, and predictions. There are two major fields of psychology in which psychology is studied: academic and applied. Psychology can be applied to various issues that affect health and daily life. Applied psychology uses principles and theories to solve real-life situations. Some applied areas include sports, forensics, education, and industrial. The second typeRead MoreEssay on Psychology Theories and Self-Reflection2684 Words   |  11 PagesRunning Head: PSYCHOLOGY THEORIES AND SELF-REFLECTION 1 Psychology Theories and Self-Reflection PSYCHOLOGY THEORIES AND SELF-REFLECTION Psychology Theories and Self-Reflection Introduction â€Å"Scientific psychology has four basic goals: to describe, explain, predict, and change behaviour and mental processes through the use of scientific methods† (Carpenter Huffman, 2008, p. 5). The goal of this paper is not to debate the psychological perspectives, but to give a general focus on three ofRead MoreBehaviorism And Psychoanalytic Ideas Of Psychology1904 Words   |  8 Pagesfollowed this movement believed human behavior was an environmental adaption, drawing their ideas on this from Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution. The conclusions drawn from Darwin’s theory functionalism lead to the investigation of mental testing, developmental patterns, and sex differences. Both arguments were different, but similar in their ways of exploring and examining the elements of consciousness. These movements faded and today psychology is not classified into these two sch ools. HistoriansRead More Donald Trump-Super Supervisor Essay2289 Words   |  10 Pagesmagazines he receives daily. He also recommends reading books, which he does each evening† (Trump, 2004). Major personality theorist would have their own explanation on how Donald Trump became a super supervisor success story. Sigmund Freud had his theory that behavior and personality emphasizes the role of the unconscious mind from early childhood experiences. An example of childhood experience Donald inherited the skill of recognizing a good deal when he saw it, since Donald would assist his father

Virus- †Malicious Software †Introduction Free Essays

Introduction This assignment will explain about today’s most dangerous challenges for computer users, developers, professionals and all, one common step of assault on computer is ‘malicious computer program called Virus’. They have many different types; some of them can do very devastating effect on system and cost fortune as well. Most of the organisations have big challenges to block such a data effecting viruses. We will write a custom essay sample on Virus- – Malicious Software – Introduction or any similar topic only for you Order Now Estate agency business is the one of the organisation which is always a treat because of there confidential data-transferring between clients and staffs, so it’s effecting companies network performances and productivity. We will see some of them and understand how we can protect systems. About There have been well said about viruses from Microsoft (2006) â€Å"Computer viruses are small software programs that are designed to spread from one computer to another and to interfere with computer operation. A virus might corrupt or delete data on your computer, use your e-mail program to spread itself to other computers, or even erase everything on your hard disk†. Computer viruses are some well written programs by programmers. They will upload on your computer or server without your information and execute without your knowledge. Some of them will corrupt or delete your important data as well as application files. An even more they will attack on your system files, networks. They will distribute your data form one computer to another. It’s depends on different kind of viruses and there own capability. History â€Å"There are times when people want to destroy computers. In a time of war, a country may want to hamstring their enemy by destroying their intelligence databases (Ludwig, 1996)†. According to Spamlaws (2010) ,There are plenty of malicious software ,which is effected on computers . ostly know as viruses, spywares, trojan hourses and worms, rootkits and many other dangerous program which effect on system . As per comparisen these are different to each other : Viruses : Comuter viruses make system halt or keep contatly shuting down and do damages to files so user have difficulties to access documents or any other applications. These type of virsues make such damages which can be seen. Spyw are:These types of software is installed on computer without user’s knowladge. They will change computer settings, make computer functionality difficult to use. They will collect data from users computer and sendback to remote host. Capable to hack your password,financial information. Trojan hourse: According to Cicso(2010), it is harmful piece of software,after it is activated,it can irritating the user by popping up windows,changing desktops,damaging deleting files,staling data as well as activating and spreading viruses. Worms:Worms are damaging and irritating others network than host computer, it is dangarous to sending viruses to other computers without effecting host computer. Athors claim,(Ianelli,Kinder and Roylo,2007)â€Å"If attackers can get their malware downloaded on victims system,they can earn money by causing the system to run the pay-per-install software†. Causes to Estate Agency Bussiness : Unlikely other businesses Estate agency is always an attackers target because of ‘Confidential’ data transfering on Internet with its clients. By virus attack it can be posible to change in important documents or companies policy,as per McAfee (2000),In 2000 ‘ILOVEYOU’ virus had similarly damage to thousands of computer. Virus can make very devastating effect on Estate agencies e-mail system,which is always busy for transfering important application files (DOC,. EXL,PPT etc) between millions of computer,as per CERT (1999),In1999 ‘Melissa’ virus was so powerful that it forced Microsoft’s and other big organisation to switch off their Email systems. Similarly ‘Twitter worm’ has effected upto quarter of millions twitter accounts in Jan 2010. Suggetion for better use of computer systems in Estate agency : ? Manage and admin all data, email system and applications centralized. ? Keep backup regularly and easily. ? Add new clause in ‘Turms of use’ for fair use of data handling to all users. ? Install Anti-virus software that will update regularly to check all downloaded files and block new spywares. Show and prove more commitement to data security within organisation. ? Use more secure operating systems like UNIX, LINUX. ? Avoid downloading unsecured data software from third party web sites or unathorized CD, DVD or external memory stick’s. ? Provide technical support to staff about how to deal with such odd files or data. For example, never run executable files (. EXE) which comes with email attachments. ? It is an advantage to use malware analysis software with the email system. Conclusion : Investment into Companies IT infrastructure will help to block malicious software and improve security for online communication. It can be reduce cost on system maintenances and additional accessories like software, hardware. Staff can work more efficiently and more positively to produce better results. Customer’s as well more assured about data security with the organisation. They don’t be worried about confidentiality of sharing personal data with the company. Satisfied customers is the most important key factor to become a successful organisation. References used in this assignment : o CERT,1999, http://www. cert. org/advisories/CA-1999-04. html ( Last accessed 31/10/2010) o Cisco, 2010, What is the difference:Viruses,Worms,Trojans and Bots? http://www. cisco. om/web/about/security/intelligence/virus-worm-diffs. htm l( Last accessed 30/10/2010) o Ianelli,N. ,Kinder,R. and Roylo,C. (2007) The use of malware analysis in support of law enforcement (P. ) Carnegie mellon university o Ludwig, M. A. (1996) The little black book of computer viruses (p. 11). Arizona: American eagle publication. o McAfee,2000, http://vil. nai. com/vil/content/v_98617. htm (Last accessed 30/10/2010) o Microsoft,2006, http://www. microsoft. com/uk/protect/computer/basics/virus. mspx ( Last accessed 30/10/2010). o Spamlaws ,2010, http://www. spamlaws. com/malware-types. html ( Last accessed 01/11/2010) How to cite Virus- – Malicious Software – Introduction, Papers

Okapi And Giraffe Similarities Essays - Giraffes, Mammals Of Africa

Okapi And Giraffe Similarities What adaptation do both the Okapi and Giraffe have that enables them to rip/pull food from strong branches? The long, sticky tongue that both the Okapi and Giraffe have allows them to pull shoots and leaves from strong and hardy branches with ease. The animals can also reach their eyes and ear with their tongue so they can easily rid those areas of bugs and parasites. The tongue also enables the Giraffe and Okapi to easily keep their young clean and healthy. What adaptation do both the Okapi and Giraffe have that allows them to gain nutrients in hard to reach places? Both the Giraffe and Okapi have incredibly flexible necks that allow them to awkwardly turn their heads to reach food. They can easily twist around trees or large branches to reach the leaves, or any food, that they desire. What substance do the Giraffe and Okapi share that allows them to eat and digest "harsh" foods? Both the Giraffes and Okapi have thick and sticky saliva that allows them to eat and digest thorny, sharp branches with ease. The thorns and sharp edges are covered by the saliva and can't prick or scratch the tongue, lining of the throat, or stomach. What ability do both the Okapi and the Giraffe obtain after birth which enables them to survive with more ease? After a Giraffe or Okapi young has been born, it can stand firmly on it's feet in 15 minuets. This allows them to be able to run if predators are nearby and it also allows them to get food from their mother quickly and efficiently. If the newborn does not gain the necessary nutrients, they will become weak and be easy prey for predators. What do mother Giraffes and Okapis have that keeps their baby on track when traveling? Both the Okapi and Giraffe have distinct markings (each individual animal has it's very own unique set) that catch a young's eye and basically says "Follow Me!" This enables the herd to travel more quickly and efficiently since they don't have to keep such a close eye on the young. What adaptation ensures that a Giraffe and Okapi baby will be fully developed, able to gain food, and resist predators? Both Giraffe and Okapi females have a gestation period of 15 months, which allows the young to fully develop in the womb before entering the world. If a baby entered the world weak, it wouldn't be able to get nutrients or resist predator attack. Also, since both species are so complex, each young requires more than a year to completely develop all it's parts.

Greasy Lake by T. C. Boyle Essays

Greasy Lake by T. C. Boyle Essays Greasy Lake by T. C. Boyle Essay Greasy Lake by T. C. Boyle Essay Essay Topic: Easy In the coming of age, young adults and adolescents experience with numerous positive and negative things, in doing so they gain hands-on life experience and knowledge of important life lessons that shape and mold them into the adults they become in the future. many if not all young people coming into the age of majority explore different things in life and want to step out of the traditional societal norm during this phase they may indulge in drugs alcohol and many other mischievous activities for in doing so they learn from their mistakes and grow into better mature adults. in the short story greasy lake by author t.c. boyle the above statements can be shown indefinitely. the story follows the adventure of three boys and their one night of juvenile exploration into the greasy lake, the characters are intent on proving that they are bad and in the process they have a most unfortunate chain of events, which lead them to change their ways and hopefully take a different path in life. th roughout the story the young men boast on how bad they are and the main character gives us some details about the other boys badness but they soon learn that they are not cut out for that bad lifestyle in the first passage of the story the main characters elaborately recalls his adolescents and how him and his friends at the time were dangerous characters reminiscing on a time when it was good to be bad The protagonist, who remains unnamed throughout the story, and his two friends, try to reciprocate what a typical â€Å"bad boy† is and what they would typically do.T.C. Boyle states â€Å"watch a girl take off her clothes and plunge into the festering murk, drink beer, smoke pot, howl at the stars, savor the incongruous full-throated roar of rock and roll against the primeval susurrus of frogs and crickets. This was nature.†As if this is what felt natural to them.Hunting down this kind of fun.Seeing that all of these words are used in the past ten :

Platos Apology

Platos Apology Platos  Apology  is one of the most famous and admired texts in world literature.  It offers what many scholars believe is a fairly  reliable account of what the Athenian philosopher Socrates (469 BCE - 399 BCE) said in court on the day that he was tried and condemned to death on charges of impiety and corrupting the youth. Although short, it offers an unforgettable  portrait of Socrates, who comes across as smart, ironic, proud, humble, self-assured, and fearless in the face of death.  It offers not just a defense of Socrates the man but also a defense of the philosophical life, which is one reason it has always been popular with philosophers! The text and the title The work was written by Plato  who was present at the trial.  At the time he was 28 years old and a great admirer of Socrates, so the portrait and the speech may be embellished to cast both in a good light.  Even so, some of what Socrates detractors called his arrogance comes through. The  Apology  is most definitely not an apology: the Greek word apologia really means defense. Background: Why was Socrates put on trial? This is a little complicated.  The trial took place in Athens in 399 BCE.  Socrates was not prosecuted by the statethat is, by the city of Athens, but by three individuals, Anytus, Meletus, and Lycon.  He faced two charges: 1) corrupting the youth 2) impiety or irreligion.   But as Socrates himself says, behind his new accusers there are old accusers. Part of what he means is this.  In 404 BCE, just five years earlier, Athens had been defeated by its rival city state Sparta after a long and devastating conflict known ever since as the Peloponnesian War. Although he fought bravely for Athens during the war, Socrates was closely associated with characters like Alcibiades who some blamed for Athens ultimate defeat.   Worse still, for a short time after the war, Athens was ruled by a bloodthirsty and oppressive group put in place by Sparta, the thirty tyrants as they were called.  And Socrates had at one time been friendly with some of them.  When the thirty tyrants were overthrown in 403 BCE and  democracy was restored in Athens, it was agreed that no-one should be prosecuted for things done during the war or during the reign of the tyrants. Because of this general amnesty, the charges against Socrates were left rather vague.  But everyone in court that day would have understood what lay behind them. Socrates formal refutation of the charges against him In the first part of his speech Socrates shows that the charges against him dont make much sense. Meletus in effect claims that Socrates both  believes in no gods and that he believes in false gods.  Anyway, the supposedly impious beliefs he is accused of holdinge.g. that the sun is a stoneare old hat; the philosopher Anaxagoras makes this claim in a book that anyone can buy in the market place.  As for corrupting the youth, Socrates argues that no-one would do this knowingly.  To corrupt someone is to make them a worse person, which would also make them a worse friend to have around. Why would he want to do that? Socrates real defense: a defense of the philosophical life The heart of the Apology  is Socrates account of the way he has lived his life.  He recounts how his friend Chaerephon once asked the Delphic Oracle if anyone was wiser than Socrates.  The Oracle said that no -one was.  On hearing this Socrates claims to have been astounded, since he was acutely aware of his own ignorance.  He set about trying to prove the Oracle wrong by interrogating his fellow Athenians, searching for someone who was genuinely wise.  But he kept coming up against the same problem.  People might be quite expert about some particular thing such as military strategy, or boatbuilding; but they always thought themselves expert on many other things, particularly on deep moral and political questions.  And Socrates, in the course of questioning them, would reveal that on these matters they didnt know what they were talking about. Naturally, this made Socrates unpopular with those whose ignorance he  exposed.  It also gave him the reputation (unjustly, he says) of being a sophist, someone who was good at winning arguments through verbal quibbling.  But he stuck to his mission throughout his life.  He was never interested in making money; not did he enter politics.  He was happy to live in poverty and spend  his time discussing moral and philosophical questions with anyone who was willing to converse with him. Socrates then does something rather unusual. Many men in his position would conclude their speech by appealing to the jurys compassion, pointing out that they have young children, and pleading for mercy.  Socrates does the opposite.  He more or less harangues the jury and everyone else present to reform their lives, to stop caring so much about money, status, and reputation,  and start caring more about the moral quality of heir souls. Far from being guilty of any crime, he argues, he is actually gods gift to the city, for which they should be grateful.  In  a famous image he likens himself to a gadfly that by stinging the neck of a horse keeps it from being sluggish. This is what he does for Athens: he keeps people from becoming intellectually lazy and forces them to be self-critical. The Verdict The jury of 501 Athenian citizens proceed to find Socrates guilty by a vote of 281 to 220.  The system required the prosecution to propose a penalty and the defense to propose an alternative penalty.  Socrates accusers propose death.  They probably expected Socrates to propose exile, and the jury would probably have gone along with this.  But Socrates wont play the game.  His first proposal is that, since hes an asset to the city, he should  receive free meals at the prytaneum, an honor usually given to Olympic athletes.  This outrageous suggestion probably sealed his fate. But Socrates is defiant. He rejects the idea of exile.  He even rejects the idea of staying in Athens and keeping his mouth shut. He cant stop doing philosophy, he says, because the unexamined life is not worth living. Perhaps in response to the urgings of his friends, Socrates eventually proposes a fine, but the damage was done. By a larger margin, the jury voted for the death penalty. Socrates is not surprised by the verdict, nor is he phased by it.  Hes seventy years old and will die soon anyway. Death, he says, is either an endless dreamless sleep, which is nothing to fear, or it leads to an afterlife where, he imagines, he will be able to carry on philosophizing. A few weeks later Socrates died by drinking hemlock, surrounded by his friends.  His last moments are beautifully related by Plato in the  Ã‚  Phaedo.

Evaluating and reviewing current technologies within genetics and Essay

Evaluating and reviewing current technologies within genetics and biotechnology - Essay Example Some endangered species may recover on the brink of extinction, while others will never recover and may be lost forever. According to Neglia (2011), paleontologists estimate that 90 percent of flora and fauna that ever existed have gone extinct. Biotechnology scientists have embarked on extensive use of biotechnology to breed and conserve the endangered species. Biotechnology constitutes techniques that use substances from living organisms to make modified products or develop microorganisms for specific purposes (Gonzalez-Benito & Martin, 2011). Most of the biotechnologies have already been adopted while others are being developed. These biotechnologies include embryo-transfer, artificial insemination, multiple ovulation, ova-pick-up, In-vitro fertilization, embryo splitting, sperm sexing and cloning. Embryo-transfer Embryo transfer is a step in the process of assisted reproduction where embryos are placed in the uterus of a female with the intention of establishing pregnancy (Thongp hakdee et al, 2011). Biotechnologists have identified this procedure to be one of the best technologies in protecting species extinction. The primary demerit of embryo transfer is that it is not economically feasible in small-scale application; however, embryo transfer greatly contributes to genetic improvement in local breeds and restoration of endangered species (Klotzko, 2006). Embryo transfer is advantageous since it affords the possibility of producing a variety of progeny from a female species. This means that one female can be enhanced through biotechnology to produce several offsprings, just as male sperms can be used to fertilize several ova in Artificial Insemination. Biotechnologists, for example, have succeeded in increasing the lifetime productivity of Brown Pelican, Cheetah, Desert Tortoise, and Cockatoo from between six and ten offs springs to twenty-five (Iguchi & Kitano, 2008). Increased numbers of calves ensure that these species are not endangered and protect them from extinction (Hosseini, Fazilati, Moulavi, Foruzanfar, Hajian, Abedi, Nasiri, Kaveh, Shahverdi, Hemami & Nasr-esfahani, 2009). Another advantage of embryo transfer is that genetically outstanding animals have the potential for breeding program and their male young ones are usually selected for use in Artificial Insemination (Field, 2012). These male offsprings have excellent adaptive features that enable them to withstand harsh conditions in diverse environments, thus protecting endangered animals from possible extinction. Scientists can enhance the rate of genetic change with specially designed breeding schemes. This increases the chances of maximizing on the advantages of increased intensity of female selections and possible increase in turnover of generations (Verma, Kumar, Kumar & Chand, 2012). Increased generations turnover is the objective of genetic biotechnologists in their struggle to achieve protection of endangered species from possible extinction. Ethical considerati ons concerning embryo transfer include consent of donors and recipients, avoidance to mix gametes or embryos from different sources, and meeting the settlement of donor expenses. Artificial Insemination Artificial insemination involves deliberate introduction of semen into a female oviduct for the purpose of fertilization by means other than copulation (Araujo, Ginther, Ferreira, Palha?o, Beg & Wiltbank, 2009). The male